Women warriors as personifications of Armenia in Classical Antiquity

Authors

  • Viktorya Vasilyan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32028/ajnes.v11i1-2.882

Keywords:

Women warriors, Armenia, Classical Antiquity

Abstract

The problem of personification is one of the topical issues in art history and archaeology. Some of the most interesting studies on classical art in the recent decades have focused on personifications and allegories of different nations and ethnic groups. Personifications were popular in the art of ancient Greece and Rome, and later, they were used in the early Eastern Christian art and in the monuments of those countries of the Hellenistic world where traditions of ancient culture continued to live.

References

Aillagon, , J.-J. 2008. (ed.) Rome and the Barbarians. Milano.

Ansel, C. 2015. Les ‘Personnifications des provinces orientales’ sur l’architecture romaine (Doctoral dissertation), Universite Charles de Gaulle-Lille III.

Balty, J. 1984. sv. Armenia, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae: 612. Zürich - München - Düsseldorf.

Barringer, J.M., Hurwit, J.M. 2005. (eds) Periklean Athens and its Legacy. Austin.

Bellan, S., Hansen, I. 2008 (eds) Role Models in the Roman World. Identity and Assimilation (Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome Supplement volume 7). Michigan.

Bienkowski, P. 1900. De Simulacris Barbararum Gentium Apud Romanos. Krakow.

Campbell, L. 1968. Mithraic Iconography and Ideology. Leiden.

Cassius Dio 2004. Dio’s Rome, vol. 5. Books 61-76 (AD 54-211). An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek during the Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, ... and Now Presented in English Form (Translated by Foster, H.B.). Whitefish, Montana.

Castriota, D. 2005. Feminizing the Barbarian and Barbarizing the Feminine: Amazons, Trojans and Persians in the Stoa Poikile, in: Barringer, Hurwit 2005: 89-102.

Chauvot, A. 2008. Roman representations of the barbarians, in: Aillagon 2008: 156-159.

Dahmen, K., 2008. Alexanderschilde und Alexanders Schild(e). Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft 11: 125-133.

Ferris, I. 2000. Enemies of Rome. Barbarians Through Roman Eyes. Stroud.

Foxhall, L., Salmon, J. 1998 (eds) Thinking Men: Masculinity and its Self-Representation in the Classical Tradition. London.

Gardner, P. 1888. The Countries and Cities in Ancient Art. JRS 9: 47-81.

Hall, E. 1993. Asia Unmanned: Images of Victory in Classical Athens, in: Rich, Shipley 1993: 108-133.

Hatsuni, V. 1924. Patmut‘iwn hin hay tarazin (History of the Ancient Armenian Costume). Venice (in Armenian).

Hughes, J. 2009. Personifications and the Ancient Viewer: The Case of the Hadrianeum ‘Nations’. AH 32/1: 1-20.

Koeppel, G. 1983. Die historischen Reliefs der römischen Kaiserzeit, I. Stadtrömische Denkmäler unbekannter Bauzugehörigkeit aus augusteischer und julischclaudischer Zeit. BJb 183: 61-144.

Kosven, M. 1947. Amazonki. Istorija legendy (Amazons, History Legends). SE 2: 33-59 (in Russian).

Kovács, P. 2006. The Sebasteion of Aphrodisias and Pannonia. HPS 13: 171-179.

Kuttner, A. 1995. Dynasty and Empire in the Age of Augustus: The Case of the Boscoreale Cups. Berkeley - Los Angeles - Oxford.

Lajos, J. 2013. ‘The Biesheim cameo - a Reinterpretation’ (Dissertationes Archaeologicae Ser. 3. No. 1, Eötvöst Loránd University, Institute of Archaeological Sciences): 45-52. Budapest.

Lajos, J. 2014. A római provincia perszonifikációk ikonográfiája és szerepe a császárkori propagandában, Doktori Disszertáció, Budapest.

Leon, A. 2011. A Study on the Local Character of the Cult of the Roman Emperors in Asia Minor: The Sebasteion of Aphrodisias, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Kanzas.

Lucas, H. 1900. Die Reliefs der Neptunbasilica in Rom. JDL 15: 1-42.

Lucas, H. 1904. Zur Geschichte der Neptunsbasilika in Rom. Berlin.

Lyubker, F. 2001. Real’nyj slovar’ klassišeskix drevnostej (Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities), vol., I. Moscow (in Russian).

Margaryan, E.H. 2015 (ed.) Transformacionnye processy v ēpoxu principata. Vključenie Rima v osevoe vremja (Transformation Process on the Epoch of Princeps. The Inclusion of Rome in the Axial Time). Yerevan.

Margaryan, H. 2015. Simvolika i personifikacija Armenii na triumfal’nyx monetax Avgusta (Symbolics and Personification of Armenia on the Augustus Triumphal Coins), in: Margaryan 2015: 121-170 (in Russian).

Ostrowski, J. 1990. Les personnifications des provinces dans l’art romain. Varsovie.

Ostrowski, J. 1992. Le courant idéaliste et réaliste de la personification des provinces romaines, in: Rostworowski 1992: 271-280.

Padel, R. 1992. Princeton, In and Out of Mind: Greek Images of the Tragic Self. New Jersey.

Parsamyan, V.A. 1963 (ed.) Hay žołovrdi patmut‘yun (History of Armenian Nation), vol. 1. Yerevan (in Armenian).

Patrick, A. 1967. Haykakan taraz (Armenian Costumes). Yerevan (in Armenian).

Patten, A. 2013. (Ad)dressing the Other: The Amazon in Greek Art, An undergraduate honors thesis, Portland, State University.

Reynolds, J. 1981. New Evidence for the Imperial Cult in Julio-Claudian Aphrodisias. ZPE 43: 317-327.

Rich, J., Shipley, G. 1993 (eds) War and Society in the Greek World. London.

Rodgers, R. 2003. Female Representation in Roman Art: Feminising the Provincial ‘Other’, in: Scott, Webster 2003: 81-88.

Roeché, C., Erim, K. 1990 (eds) Aphrodisias Papers: Recent Work on Architecture and Sculpture (JRA Supplement 1). Ann Arbor.

Rose Ch.B. 2008. Forging Identity in the Roman Republic: Trojan Ancestry and veristic Portraiture, in: Bellan, Hansen 2008: 97-131.

Rostworowski, M. 1992 (Hrsg.) Originalveröffentlichung in: 50 Years of Polish Excavations in Egypt and the Near East. Acts of Symposium at the Warsaw University 1986. Warschau.

Rubin, B. 2008. (Re)presenting Empire: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor, 31, B.C. – AD 68, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan.

Ruesch, A. 1908. Guida illustrata del Museo Nazionale di Napoli, Italy, Catalog. Napoli.

Rumyantsev, N. 1929. Jazyčeskie xristy (Pagan Christs). Moscow-Leningrad [st.Petersburg] (in Russian).

Schmidt, E.F. 1998. Die Faszination des Feindes. Bilder der Parther und des Orient in Rom, in: Wiesehöfer 1998: 71-73.

Scott, S., Webster, J. 2003 (eds) Roman Imperialism and Provincial Art. Cambridge.

Shoup, D.D. 2008. Monuments, Materiality, and Meaning in the Classical Archaeology of Anatolia, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan.

Smith, R.R. 1987. The Imperial Reliefs from The Sebasteion at Aphrodisias. JRS 77: 88-138.

Smith, R.R. 1988. Simulacra Gentium: The Ethne from the Sebasteion at Aphrodisias. JRS 78: 50-77.

Smith, R.R. 1990. Myth and Allegory in the Sebasteion, in: Roeché, Erim 1990: 89-100.

Stafford, E.J. 1998. London, Masculine values, feminine forms: on the gender of personified abstractions, in: Foxhall, Salmon 1998: 43-56.

Steinhart, M. 2008. Frauen - Herrscherinnen über Männer, in: Wünsche 2008: 225-244.

Stepanyan A, Minasyan, L. 2013. Great Armenia and Euphrates Frontier in 60-s, A.D. (Conflict, Ideas, Settlement). BH 1(1): 14-33.

Stevens, G. 2010. Survey of Selected Museums of Western Turkey. Atlanta.

Strack, P. 1931-1937. Untersuchungen zur römischen Reichsprägung des zweiten Jahrhunderts, Bd. 1-3. Stuttgart.

Strong, A. 1971. Roman Sculpture from Augustus to Constantine. New-York.

Thommen, G. 2012. The Sebasteion at Aphrodisias: An Imperial Cult to Honor Augustus and the Julio-Claudian Emperors. Chronika 2: 82-91.

Tokar’ev, S.A. 1987-1988 (Editor-in-Chief) Mify narodov mira (Myths of the World), vols. 1-2. Moscow (in Russian).

Vasilyan, V.,2013. Mayr Hayastani hnaguyn naxatiperə (The Most Ancient Prototypes of Mother Armenia), ‘Patmut‘yun ev mšakuyt’ Hayagitakan handes (‘History and Culture’ Armenological Journal) 1: 209-223 (in Armenian).

Vasilyan, V. 2014. T‘aguhineri patkeragrumə hellenistakan Hayastani arvestum (Depiction of Queens in the Hellenistic Art of Armenia). BEH 3: 18-33 (in Armenian).

Vasilyan, V. 2015. Hṛomeakan ‘Armenian’` vorpes mayr Hayastani ara˜in havak‘akan patkeragir (Roman ‘Armenia’ as the First Collective Image of Mother Armenia). LHG 1: 345-352 (in Armenian).

Vasilyan, V. 2016. ‘Hayastani’ kno˜ kerparov anjnavorumə ev nra čors patkeragrakan tiperə (‘Armenia’ and its Four Iconographic Types Personified as a Woman). ‘Patmut‘yun ev mšakuyt‘‘ hayagitakan handes (‘History and Culture’ Armenological Journal): 419-436 (in Armenian).

Vitruvius, 10 Books about Architecture (Translated by M.H. Morgan, ed. A. Hovard). 1914. London.

Wiesehöfer, J. 1998 (ed.) Das Partherreich und seine Zeugnisse. Struttgart.

Wuilleumier, P., Audin, A., 1952. Les médaillons d’applique galloromains de la vallée du Rhône (Annales de l’Université de Lyon Lettres 22). Paris.

Wünsche, R. 2008 (Hrsg.) Starke Frauen. Ausstellungskatalog Staatliche Antikensammlungen München. München.

Zhamkochyan, H.G. 1963. Aršakunyac‘ t‘agavorut‘yunə Hayastanum I-III dd., Trdat I-i gahakalut‘yunə (The Arshakid Kingdom in Armenia in the I-III centuries, A.D., The Reign of Trdat I), in: Parsamyan 1963: 230-239 (in Armenian).

Zohrabyan, A. 2015. Pravovoj status Armenii v protivostojanii Rima i Irana v III v. n.ē. (po numizmatičeskim dannym) [The Legal Status of Armenia in Confrontation between Rome and Iran in the III century AD (by numismatic data)], in: Margaryan 2015: 221-251 (in Russian).

Published

01/01/2016

How to Cite

Vasilyan, V. (2017). Women warriors as personifications of Armenia in Classical Antiquity. ARAMAZD: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 11(1-2), 237–263. https://doi.org/10.32028/ajnes.v11i1-2.882

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.